Ethanol: Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from fermenting crops like corn, sugarcane, and wheat. It is often blended with gasoline to create cleaner-burning fuel (e.g., E10 or E85 fuel, with 10% or 85% ethanol). Brazil and the U.S. are major producers of ethanol, using it as a substitute for gasoline to reduce emissions and dependence on oil imports.

Biodiesel: Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils. It can be used in diesel engines with little to no modification. Biodiesel burns cleaner than traditional diesel, producing fewer particulates and greenhouse gases. It’s a sustainable option for industries that rely on heavy machinery and transportation, such as trucking and agriculture.

Algae-based Biofuels: Algae are fast-growing microorganisms that can produce oil, which can be refined into biofuel. Algae biofuels are considered highly sustainable as they can grow in non-arable land and require minimal fresh water. While still in the research and development stage, algae biofuels hold promise as a future alternative to petroleum.